Standard ground freight typically takes one to three weeks depending on the route and how many terminal transfers are involved. Expedited freight or a dedicated moving truck can cut that down to several days, but usually costs more.
You can, but disassembling legs, arms, and other detachable parts reduces the surface area exposed to damage and often lowers dimensional weight charges with freight carriers. Large pieces like sectionals or bed frames almost always ship safer disassembled.
For a small number of items, freight or parcel shipping is usually cheaper than renting a truck and driving it yourself once you factor in fuel, tolls, and lodging. For a full household's worth of furniture, a rental truck or full-service mover often comes out ahead per item.
You file a claim with the carrier using your bill of lading, inspection notes, and before-and-after photos. Claims are paid according to your declared value or the carrier's default liability limit, whichever coverage you purchased, so documentation before pickup matters.
Some long-distance movers will transport a partial load or a handful of large items to another state, though minimum load requirements and pricing vary by company. It's worth asking directly whether a mover offers partial-load or single-item long-distance service before assuming freight is your only option.